Social Bias free essay sample

Social Bias Paper There are numerous types of social inclination in which individuals separate and carry on distinctively towards different gatherings and societies. This paper subtleties out the ideas of preference, generalizing, and separation. These ideas assume a significant job with the idea of social predisposition. Critical contrasts among inconspicuous and conspicuous inclination is talked about. The effects that predisposition practices can have on others is point by point in this paper. At long last, arrangements that guide with beating social inclinations are given. The Concept of Social BiasThe idea of social predisposition is characterized as â€Å"prejudicial mentalities toward specific gatherings, races, genders, or religions, including the cognizant or oblivious articulations (Education. com, Inc. , 2011)†. There is a distinction between biased perspectives and discriminative mentalities. A case of social predisposition would be if one somehow managed to accept that every single Muslim American are connected to the Taliban bringing about dreadful and irate considerations. In spite of the fact that these are simply musings, in light of the fact that the considerations are not turning out to be activities, this is named social inclination. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Bias or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the event that the contemplations were to become activities, at that point this would be a type of discrimination.Discrimination is when individuals carry on a specific route towards others dependent on their way of life. Idea: Prejudice The idea of preference is characterized as ones assessment of another before increasing the entirety of the subtleties. Partiality is regularly rehearsed over the world. One communicates bias practices when they are awkward about things that dislike their own self. Bias practices are competent at home, in families, in workplaces, in social settings, etc†¦ A case of preference is like the announcement â€Å"don’t judge a book by its cover†.People will pass judgment on others by how they see others before picking up information on the others being broke down. America has become a socially different nation. By society advancing different societies, giving training on different societies, and by the enormous increment in the assorted populace, bias is diminishing. â€Å"Schools and organizations progressively use partiality decrease mediations, which regularly underscore 1 of 3 ideas: participation, political resilience, or regard. † (Blincoe Harris, 2009) Concept: StereotypingStereotyping alludes to one who will place others into a specific order dependent on how they see the individual. Many will be generalized by others experiencing childhood in schools. A case of generalizing is when society puts an individual in a specific arrangement, for example, â€Å"blue collar†, â€Å"class-a†, â€Å"preferred†, class-b†, â€Å"poor†, â€Å"rich†, â€Å"democrat†, â€Å"republican†, etc†¦Classifications can likewise be founded on ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation inclination, culture, religion, etc†¦ Concept: Discrimination contrasts from partiality and generalizing in which one will act or act dependent on their predisposition musings of another.An case of separation is the point at which one will abstain from rendering help to another on the grounds that they look a specific way. On account of Wendy Norville, â€Å"Norville was a dark medical attendant who claimed that the emergency clinic where she worked had victimized her by refus[ing] to oblige her inability notwithstanding having made occupation facilities for two impaired white medical attendants (Goldberg, 2011). There are laws executed in work puts that are planned as a safeguard from discriminative activities. Society has its own suppositions with regards to what is worthy or not, and right now, society is grasping assorted variety which helps in decreasing segregation. Contrasts: Subtle and Blatant Bias The contrasts among unpretentious and glaring inclination is best clarified utilizing models. A case of inconspicuous predisposition is the point at which one communicates their conviction as Jehovah Witness’ that solitary they will rising to Heaven. This gathering of individuals will stand glad for their conviction, yet they are not radical about it. A case of explicit inclination is the rule of Hitler, when one will hurt another or go about as a radical against others to help their conviction or culture. Effect of Bias on Lives of Individuals There is a huge effect of predisposition on the lives of individuals.When one is thinking or carrying on in an inclination way towards another, the other individual is by and large genuinely or truly hurt dependent on ones predisposition musings. The individual reasoning and responding in an inclination way is communicating animosity and expanding tension and numerous other contrary wellbeing indicatio ns, just as conduct wellbeing designs, as the individual keeps on communicating such predisposition considerations and practices. This procedure can without much of a stretch become a propensity if not appropriately controlled. The model recently gave in on a little individual scale.This can be taken a gander at an a lot bigger scope when enormous populaces of individuals are included. This can without much of a stretch outcome in numerous individuals having negative contemplations identified with their self-idea, self-esteem, discouragement, tension, etc†¦ This can bring about hurtful fierce practices in which one is stoned in light of the fact that they are of a specific sexual orientation inclination. On a positive note, inclination prompts the spot light being attracted to a related circumstance happening. As the populace in America has developed, there has been a huge increment of spot light on minority groups.Over the years, this has all helped in the unification of a various society. Should predisposition have never been perceived or learned, at that point laws to forestall practices, for example, stoning others due to the race and consuming others in light of their religion has been executed in. Procedure: Overcome Social Biases One technique to conquer social predisposition is to participate in instruction, network administrations, get-togethers, etc†¦ Through information and experience one will teach themselves to expand adequacy and decrease social bias.Museums, occasions, media, etc†¦ these are for the most part brilliant advertising and showcasing methodologies which has helped in the unification of such an enormous various nation. Through rehearsing socially tolerating practices one will abstain from winding up in a muddled circumstance wherein social inclination will set in through musings or activities. Decision Social inclination is a tremendous piece of worldwide history. It is communicated in types of preference, segregation, and generalizin g. America has become such a huge assorted nation, and it is exceptionally gainful having rules and laws which actualize in security against such practices.

Maria Montessori Language Arts Rationale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maria Montessori Language Arts Rationale - Essay Example A kid figures out how to tune in by hearing the different sounds that the grown-ups around him and furthermore figures out how to talk by mimicking the different sounds that the grown-ups make around him.as Maria Montessori stated: There are three fundamental regions where youngsters are set up for perusing and composing. The first is physical abilities where a kid figures out how to adjust utilizing their hands and coordination of the hand and the eye works. The youngster additionally figures out how to focus and spotlight on the useful issues of life, perceiving sizes and shapes, working with paints, pastels, pencils and practice in talking. The second expertise that a kid learns is the psychological aptitudes where the kid figures out how to ingest and how to utilize language and how to gain proficiency with the sounds that each letter of the letters in order makes. This can be made simple by messing around to separate words into sounds (Montessori, 2010). The third aptitudes are the social abilities where individuals living in homes plunk down and have discussions as opposed to viewing the TV or utilizing the PC to learn language. A directress would realize that a kid is prepared to get familiar with a sound in the event that they attempt to rehash what has been said to them by a grown-up around them. The kid will likewise be causing sounds on their own that they to have heard previously. Sounds are instructed to youngsters by rehashing the sounds again and again until the kid can separate it from different sounds. In learning the various sounds, he kid is shown the different hints of the various letters of the letter set. There are various standards for the letters and youngsters are open towards rules. Along these lines, they are first shown the standards than the various hints of the letters of the letters in order (Montessori, 1909). The youngster is shown the phonetic words first and once they have aced the phonetic piece of the letter sets, they are next instructed the non-phonetic piece of the language where there are no guidelines at all. A kid figures out how to mix sounds by learning the person

Commonly Confused Words

Commonly Confused Words English is not an easy language to master. There are words that sound alike, are spelled alike, but have totally different meanings. Its always important to use the correct word since using the incorrect one will have people doubting your intelligence. Teachers can tell you firsthand that anytime they spell a word wrong on the board, it is the only time when all students pay attention. Everyone is quick to point out mistakes, so it is best not to give them ammunition. Study this article closely and you will be using the right words in the correct situation without giving all the haters in the world a chance to bring you down! Lose and Loose This is easily two of the most commonly confused words in the English language. I notice well-educated people on social media who gets these words mixed up. Loose is almost always an adjective. Lose is a verb every time. These two words, while commonly misused, should be easy to decipher which one is correct for your sentence. Look at the examples down below for a bit more guidance. The man had lost so much weight that his pants were becoming loose. Did your team win or lose the softball game? Than and Then The word than is used for the sake of comparing something. Then is used for sequencing. However, once again, these two get switched around frequently. Below are examples of the proper way to use them. The tree is taller than the house. First I went to the park, then I went to go get ice cream. Whos and Whose Everyone should know that an apostrophe in a word means that it is either a contraction or it is showing possession of something. Whos is a contraction that is short for who is. Whose is a possessive pronoun. Whos that boy that is holding hands with Anna? Jack, whose house is the nicest one on the street, is having a birthday party this weekend. Shouldve and Should of The phrase shouldve is a contraction consisting of the two words should and have. Unfortunately, people mistakenly write it wrong on a consistent basis. Down below I have an example of the wrong way and the right way to use these. WRONG:  I should of gone to the store today. CORRECT:  I shouldve gone to the store today. Advice and Advise Once again, the parts of speech of these two words are different, so it can definitely assist you in figuring out which one to use. Advice is a noun and advise is a verb. Check out the two sentences below to get a better grasp on which one to use. The parent offered advice to their young daughter on choosing the right college. The parents advised their daughter not to date the troubled young man. Affect and Effect These two words are so commonly switched for one another that sometimes it goes unnoticed. However, by taking a moment, it can be simple to determine which word should be used. Affect is usually a verb and effect is usually a noun. Remember that all sentences must have a subject and a verb, otherwise, it is an incomplete sentence. When the doorbell rings, it affects my dog greatly! The effects in the movie were amazing. Literally No other word has been murdered as much as the word literally. Literally means that something actually happened. The word that should be used in its place most of the time is figuratively. Lets look at some of the ways literally was misused. My heart was literally beating out of my chest. No. No, it wasnt. You would be dead now and wouldnt be able to use the word literally so wrongly. Just because you like to ramp up the drama, that doesnt mean you get to butcher the English language. I am so hungry that I could literally eat a horse. I seriously doubt it. Hooves and everything? Not going to happen. Simmer down on the dramatic phrasing and tell us how hungry you actually are. Below is an example of how literally could be used correctly. The Titanic, the supposed unsinkable ship, literally sank on its first voyage. Do you see how it is stating a fact? Lets cool it with the exaggerated use of literally. Literally. Accept and Except I can accept how people confuse these two words, except when they are English majors.  Did you see what I did there? I used both words correctly in the same sentence. Genius! Accept is a verb that means willing or agreeing to. Except is a preposition that means excluding. These words sound exactly the same, but the definition of the two are almost complete opposites. I will gladly accept cash or credit card. My team has won all of our games, except one. Ironic I blame Alanis Morissette for the incorrect way that this word is often used. (In fact, when it is convenient, I blame Alanis Morissette for all my problems. Its just easier that way.) If it is raining on your wedding day, then that is not really ironic. Its coincidental at best. Maybe bad luck at worst? But there is not any irony there. If you have just met the man of your dreams, and he introduces you to his beautiful wife, then that again is not ironic. Perhaps it is bad timing. It would be ironic, however, if a man deathly afraid of flying takes his first flight ever and the plane crashes and he dies. Irony might be choking to death on a daily vitamin. There are several examples of true irony when you really put your mind to it. Isnt it ironic that Morissette wrote a song titled Ironic and there were not really any true examples of irony in it? To, Too, and Two All three of these words are homophones. They sound exactly the same but have a different meaning. Two, of course, is referring to how many of something. There are two dogs at my house. Now we are left with to and too. To means to be going somewhere or moving towards something. We went to the store to buy a gallon of milk. And now there is one. The word too means also or very. I was too nervous to ask the pretty girl on a date. There, Their, and Theyre Again, these words all homophones, but their definitions are different. The word there means a location. Go over there and grab me a sandwich. Theyre is a contraction of they and are. Theyre looking at houses to buy in the city. Lastly, the word their means something belongs to them. Their dog was a mixture of schnauzer and terrier. By, Bye, and Buy I thought it was appropriate to wrap up the article with this last one. The boy band N Sync sang their song Bye Bye Bye hoping that all of you would buy, buy, buy it. Lets break down the proper usage of these three words. I went by the park, but I didnt see anyone playing there. (by means location) My wife has a bad habit where she will buy too many shoes. (buy means purchasing) It is time to say bye because this is the end of the article. (bye means so long)

Stripped Wom Restrictions On The Female Body - 1348 Words

Stripped Woman Restrictions on the female body Bram Stoker in Dracula imagens a â€Å"proper women† by demonizing Lucy ascribing to her traits of a wanton woman; a whore of a demon. A misogynistic attitude is popular in a patriarchal society especially in the middle of the nineteenth century. On the other hand, Mina although is praised; Stoker unconsciously ties in her behavior that may resemble a woman of propriety she is the very bane of what a progressive woman looks like when looking at her through a gynocritics lens. To prepare the reader for the ideology of the â€Å"new and proper woman,† Stoker gives Dr. Steward and Van Helsing separate spheres from that of Lucy’s and Mina’s Character. In chapter fifteen, they are now experts in the dealings and explanation of Lucy the human and Lucy the Un-Dead. As we read the chapters sixteen and seventeen it is preconditioned for us to follow the ways they are dealing with Lucy. It is justifiable to call her a v oluptuous lipped â€Å"thing† without a soul. Their credibility as learned men allow for them to penetrate a woman for the sake of her soul so she can take her place amongst angels. A woman in the nineteenth century is synonymous to the term â€Å"Angel.† Doing anything that is non-Angelic, like the suffragettes places the women to be the binary opposition to Angel; Demon. The â€Å"proper woman† is demonstrated with terminology such as; â€Å"purity, sweetness, and dainty-looking† (Dracula 211) (220). The interpretation would be considered more

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Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay - 790 Words

Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn No one who has read the novel Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain can deny not seeing the faults of the civilized world that Twain so critically satires. This element of the novel plays the perfect backdrop to the thing Twain uses to compare civilization with: The ideal way of living. Every time the main characters Huck and Jim are away from the influences of the civilized world, Twain’s vision of the ideal way of living reveals itself to the reader. By observing the things that occur when Huck and Jim are in the influences of the civilized world and when they are not, we can see the vast differences that lie between these two elements. The first glimpse that we get of the†¦show more content†¦Pap, the person most responsiable for Huck’s welfare, is the person who abuses Huck the most. Even though Huck is outside of the civilized world’s grasp when he lives with Pap, this is not the freedom Huck is looking for. Pap is in every respect the exact opposite of Jim. Where Jim is caring, sensitive and fatherly towards Huck, Pap is selfish, cruel and dirty. After he fakes his own death to escape from Pap, Huck flees to Jackson Island in order not to be discovered. Jackson Island is also where Huck and Jim accidentally run into each other while running away from society. While their reasons for running away are clearly different, they decide to run away together. This is where Twains concept of the ideal way of life is first presented in the novel . They both share a common desire to find freedom, and this leads them to help each other out, despite the fact that Jim is a runaway slave and Huck is agonizing over whether to turn Jim in or not to[44-54]. The location of Huck and Jim’s hideaway in the novel changes when Huck finds out people are trying to capture Jim. Their home then turns into a raft floating on the Mississippi. On the raft, Huck and Jim view each other as equals, not as a slave and a runaway. All of their needs are met while onboard. When they get hungry, they fish. When they get bored, they talk to each other. They rely on each other and the Mississippi, with no assistance from the civilized worldShow MoreRelatedMark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twains Huckleberry Finn The novel is set in the 1930s in St. Petersburg, a fictitious place supposedly reminiscent of the town of Hannibal, Missouri the place where Mark Twain grew up. It follows the events in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, also of the same author. CHARACTERS Huck Finn. Huckleberry Finn or Huck Fin is the protagonist of the story. A dynamic character, he is a liar and sometimes a thief. In Tom Sawyers book, he is a vagabond with a drunkard father. In this bookRead MoreMark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages Published in 1885, Mark Twain’s American classic, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, captured the both the hearts and hatred of its audience. While some view it as a masterpiece that successfully blended the American condition in a captivating and interesting manner, others observe it to be nothing more than racist trash. The latter is a shallow misunderstanding of the novel’s purpose and potential enlightening impact on its readers. From a more appreciative and open-minded perspective, one wouldRead MoreEssay on Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1742 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twains classic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, tells the story of a teenaged misfit who finds himself floating on a raft down the MississippiRead More The Outcast in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn641 Words   |  3 PagesLife as an Outcast in Huckleberry Finn nbsp; One of the themes that has been addressed by writers since the beginning of civilization is the issue of the split between living in society and living by oneself. We see this in that peculiarly American genre of books known as road books, in which the protagonist embarks upon a long journey or period of time away from society in order to find themselves. One of the quintessential examples of this type of book is Mark Twains novel The AdventuresRead MoreThe Characterization of Slaves in Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn 1159 Words   |  5 PagesMark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a controversial American novel due to its uncensored depiction of racist Southern antebellum society. The novel follows a white protagonist named Huckleberry Finn and his runaway slave friend, Jim, as they adventure down the Mississippi River. Twain characterizes Jim as a typical uneducated, unsophisticated slave who is merely a piece of property, in order to expose the reality of slavery in the ant ebellum period. However, by also giving Jim a paternal role and humaneRead MoreMark TwainS The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Is More1915 Words   |  8 PagesMark Twain s the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is more than just a condemnation of pre-civil war society and its justification of slavery. Twain also uses the novel to challenge the validity of superstition. The main characters, Huckleberry and Jim, are mere marionettes for Twain to express his censure through; he mocks them with their own fears and distortion of superstition. Twain’s representation of superstition throughout the book is indicative of his own thoughts towards the subject. TheRead More The Immature Huck Finn in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Immature Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚   Maturity is not a fickle expression such as happiness or frustration, but rather an inherent quality one gains over time, such as courage or integrity. Before maturity can be expressed, the one who expresses it must have significant confidence in himself, since self-confidence is the root of maturity. Being flexible and formulating ones own opinions or ideas are aspects of maturity, but neither is possible without self-confidence. The greatest aspect ofRead More The Importance of Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Aristotle was once asked what he thought friendship was. His response was, One soul inhabiting two bodies. This was the kind of relationship that Huckleberry Finn and Jim shared in Mark Twains epic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This novel is a tool that Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemmons, was using to impress the great benefits of friendship upon society. 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While Huck Finn seems to be only a book of satire, most want this book banned because it is seen as highly racial. â€Å"The reading of Huck Finn is humiliating to back studentsRead More The Final Episode of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn3016 Words   |  13 PagesThe Great Importance of the Final Episode of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the things many critics of Huckleberry Finn   just cant seem to understand is the final episode of the novel where Tom returns and sidetracks Huck from his rescue of Jim through a long series of silly, boyish plans based on ideas Tom has picked up from Romantic novels, such as those of Walter Scott.   Critic Stephen Railton dismisses these final chapters as just another version of their Royal

Principles of Auditing and Assurance Services

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Auditing and Assurance Services. Answer: Introduction This study deals with auditing and ethical practices in an accounting firm. In this particular assignment, emphasis has been given on assisting students for developing critical analysis skills (Porter et al., 2014). It aligns with auditor dependence as well as issues for accepting the audit engagements. At a minimum, it means Fellowes as well as Associates for applying safeguards in section 290.177 aligning with respect to intangible assets valuation (Louwers et al., 2013). In other words, the valuation needs to be reviewed by an additional professional accountant who works as external audit team for obtaining the client acknowledgement of responsibility of financial valuation. Fellowes and Associates Chartered Accountants is one of the victorious mid-tier secretarial firm concerned with large variety of customers in and transversely the Australia. In the year 2014, Fellowes as well as Associates gains new client for HCHG (Health Care Holdings Group) for owning 100% for the business entities (Messier, 2016). Independence issues in accepting engagements After analyzing situation 1, it is noticed that one of the accountants intends for becoming a part of 2014 audit team for owning shares in HCHG. In this condition, interest of accountants is not material to him. Section AUST290.41.3 of APES 110 explains that the monetary interest in a client mostly creates self-interest threat. It is important to consider the fact that owing shares in an engagement client mainly help in creating direct financial interest (Hayes et al., 2014). As per Section 290.204, it means the auditor needs to consider the nature of financial interest for determining the threat significance as well as appropriate safeguards. In other words, matter to consider whereby shareholding is direct or indirect for acting as a role of the assurance team (Eilifsen et al. 2013) It implies that financial interest owns shares in the client company after creation of self-interest threat (Louwers et al., 2013). This particular section goes on to state for an auditor by considering nature of financial interest for determining the implication of the risk as well as suitable safeguard. Addition to that, potential issues like how material holds as well as understanding the senior managerial role in an effective way. As per 290.106, it means if a associate of the declaration Team or in case instant family member has express adherence to fiscal attention as well as material indirect financial interest (DeFond Zhang, 2014). In other words, Assurance client considers as one of the self-interest threat after creating significant evidence from elimination of threat or reduce it to given acceptance level This involves disposing the undeviating economic interest previous to individual for becoming a associate of reassurance Team (Arens et al., 2012). In other words, it relies upon disposing of indirect financial interest in remaining interest and acting as member of Assurance Team. Therefore, it requires removing of member of Assurance Team especially from assurance engagement. Self-interest threat majorly takes place when firm or an associate of the Assurance team is benefited from monetary interest as well as other self-interest disagreement from an Assurance client (Anderson et al., 2014). There are various examples of situations whereby it create threat involving limiting activities especially in case of direct monetary attention or material indirect monetary attention especially from an declaration client. In other words, financial interest in a pledge client helps in creating self-interest intimidation (Porter et al., 2014). It helps in evaluate the meaning of threat as well as suitable safeguards for eliminating the threat or reducing at given acceptance level. Therefore, it requires evaluating the role of person who is responsible to hold financial interest as well as materiality of financial interest and financial interest types (Louwers et al., 2013). The key questions arise whereby an item is material as well as degree of subjectivity especially in the valuation services (Hayes et al., 2014). As far as intangibles are considered, it is stated subjective attributes as per valuation of real property such as land as well as buildings. This means Fellowes as well as Associates for withdrawing from the audit or client for obtaining another independent valuation of intangibles (Eilifsen et al. 2013). The question arises whereby it state valuation services prior to audit engagement for accepting the activities. There is no conflict between Followers as well as Associates duties acting as valuer and auditor (Louwers et al., 2013). Therefore, for the role of (Auditors, Fellowes and Associates), it is essential for providing an opinion especially on the valuation revealed in the near future. As per APES 110 ss. 290.174 to 290.179, it addresses the potential issues surrounding the stipulation of services valuation to an declaration client (Hayes et al., 2014). The main problem arises from financial report audit for gathering evidence regarding client valuation of the assets. If an auditor provides client valuation, then the auditor requires auditing his or her own work (Eilifsen et al. 2013). Other safeguards majorly apply within valuable situations as per section 290.177 connecting: It includes an added expert accountant who was not a associate of assurance group for reviewing the job done (Louwers et al., 2013). It means confirming the audit consumer for thoughtful the fundamental assumption for assessment as well as methodology for obtaining the approval for use (Porter et al., 2014) It involves obtaining the audit client acknowledgement of responsibility resulting from work performed by audit firm (Hayes et al., 2014) It involves in making arrangements whereby personnel provides services who does not participate in the audit engagement matters (Hayes et al., 2014) Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that in the future, audit team should not perform financial valuation especially for audit clients who are likely to subject of financial report audit. These are majorly immaterial in nature as well as poses low degree of subjectivity. The client may obtain another independent financial valuation as well as Fellowes and Associates after withdrawing the audit. Reference List Anderson, U. L., Gaynor, L. M., Hackenbrack, K. E., Lisic, L. L., Wu, Y. J. (2014). Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2013-009, Proposed Rule on Improving the Transparency of Audit: Proposed Amendments to PCAOB Auditing Standards to Provide Disclosure in the Auditor's Report of Certain Participants in the Audit: Participating Committee Members. Current Issues in Auditing, 8(2), C1-C7. Arens, A. A., Elder, R. J., Beasley, M. S. (2012). Auditing and assurance services: an integrated approach. Prentice Hall. DeFond, M., Zhang, J. (2014). A review of archival auditing research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2), 275-326. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W. F., Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F. (2013). Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Hayes, R., Wallage, P., Gortemaker, H. (2014). Principles of auditing: an introduction to international standards on auditing. Pearson Higher Ed. Louwers, T. J., Ramsay, R. J., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., Thibodeau, J. C. (2013). Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Messier Jr, W. (2016). Auditing assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Porter, B., Simon, J., Hatherly, D. (2014). Principles of external auditing. John Wiley Sons.